Asked for a raise today. Resulted in me getting told to fuck off.

Just do what is told you.... duck off.

Find a better job 😉
A job which makes you happy and with a better salary.

If he is not listening now, he never will

Totally agree with @BikerMouse

Living in Holland by any chance? We are looking

I've learned two important things as a dev when it comes to money.

1. You are never paid what you are worth. You are paid what you negotiate. You need to be honest with yourself from the beginning with what is the least amount of money you would be willing to accept a position for without guarantee of bonuses or raises. This way, you are financially happy and anything else is just a welcome surprise. Asking for more money after negotiations and getting your foot in the door can seem tacky to management.

2. The only real way to get a pay bump, is to leave or to be willing to leave. Unless there was a significant role change involved with a promotion or change in responsibilities (such a senior engineer quitting and you having to additionally take on that role), management isn't going to do you any favors. When you give your notice, the manager may let you go immediately to avoid proprietary theft, may assign you to write documentation for knowledge transfer, or counter you with $$.