Can someone explain linux to me? I can't see through Unix, Linux, GNU, mingw and all those things which somehow seem to be in the same context but i would like a tl;Dr to save my time :)

In the beginning, there was Unix. Other OS's existed, but it was king for many many years. GNU is free, open source tools for developing software, and mingw is just a way to install them on windows. Because making a new OS is hard, they often borrow from their predecessors, and when Linus Torvalds made Linux, he was making an open source Unix system and used GNU tools for a number of things inside. Apple's OSX is also Unix based and so they have near identical terminal commands to do things.

@iam13islucky
Thank you so much!