My code overflows the 79 character limit...

Wide code is good, actually

I don't mind if there's like breaks to prevent going over 80/100/whatever characters, as long as variable and type names are readable

Misuse of memes. The buttons are supposed to expose a contradiction.

Class adds 4 spaces. Method name another 4, and loop another 4. Even with reasonably concise names, the following line goes over 80 characters limit if you put it inside some class method. So yeah, unless you want to use two-letter names or put everything in a new line, 80 characters (or any other arbitrary number) is about as useful as no limit at all.

const dateString = this.dateService.formatDate("YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm", date);

Soft limits, not every thing will or should be broken into new lines.

Also, that's a 15 to 80 inch monitor, not a 3 inch monitor, this isn't 1965 any more.

80 char line is a remnant of the 4:3 aspect ratio...

I don't see a point of having less than 120 chars per line, it fits half of my screen (16:9 24") in landscape or full portrait, with reasonable, easly readable font size.