The story of the $500,000,000 error.

In 1996, an unmanned Ariane 5 model rocket was launched by the European Space Agency.

Onboard was software written to analyze the horizontal velocity of the spacecraft. A conversion between a 64-bit floating point value and a 16-bit signed integer within this software ultimately caused an overflow error just forty seconds after launch, leading to a catastrophic failure of the spacecraft.

That day, $7 billion of development met it's match: a data type conversion.

I hope devRant doesn't store ++ count as a signed 8-bit integer... Otherwise the next ++ this rant gets sets it to -128!

I have not researched it so I'm not sure if this is a widely known thing but I figured out a sort of hacky way to get a max integer value:

-Declare an unsigned int.
-Subtract 1
-Divide 2

That is your max signed int value

int main(){
unsigned int a = 0;
a--;
std::cout << a / 2 << std::endl;
}

The tons of undefined behaviour in C that ought to have been implementation defined instead, and increasingly sadistic compiler writers on the other side.

Like signed integer overflow that should just do what the underlying machine does, i.e. in practice, wrap around two's complement.

But the wierdest UB is when a C source code line has a non-matching ' or ". WTF, this should have been a compile time error!

Why was the signed integer sad?...

Because He never got any-one's compliment

Why do io-interfaces usually use a signed integer to return the number of bytes processed?
Like seriously, you literally can't write/read less than 0 bytes.

@retoor I did it I FUCKING DID IT. I CRACKED THE COWDZ.

HAVEN'T SLEPT IN ALMOST THREE DAYS.
BUT I FED THIS TO A LOBOTOMIZED BOTII.
IT WAS ABLE TO RUN MY RULESET.
WELL, A VERY LIMITED VERSION.
BUT STILL.

PRO VIBES-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING.
IN MARKDOWN.
PSEUDOMARKDOWN.
what?
WHAT??!!!!

OH YEAH.
BEHOOOOOLLLD THE POWER OF CRACK:

```
# Definition of Basic Terms:

- Actor;
· * "An Actor is a character or entity actively or passively participating in the game";

- Action:
· * "An Action is whatever an Actor does during their turn";
· * **IMPORTANT: "In addition to taking an Action during their own turn, an Actor can opt to prepare a Re-Action to activate during another Actor's turn, *if* they have enough SP/MP to do so"**;

- Signa:
· * "A Signa is an in-game effect that describes an Actor's Actions and Re-Actions";
· * "In-game effects can only alter values within the Actor->Status dict";
· * Signa->Caster = the Actor that activated the Signa;
· * Signa->Target = the Actor that is affected by the Signa;
· * **IMPORTANT: "A Signa can be cast 'OnSelf', that is, the Caster can choose to cause the effect on themselves"**;

---
# Actor Attributes:

- Actor->ReadOnly:
· * **IMPORTANT: "ReadOnly attributes represent an Actor's natural advantages and cannot be changed through in-game effects"**;
· * **IMPORTANT: "The purpose of these immutable attributes is determining the base values for game formulas"**;
· * "Actor->ReadOnly is a (key=>value) dict that stores the Actor's innate and immutable attributes";
· * **IMPORTANT: "These bonuses are fixed and cannot be altered by in-game effects"**;
· * "Each key corresponds to a specific game formula";
· * "Each value is a constant signed integer that represents a modifier for the associated formula";

- Actor->Grit:
· * Actor->ReadOnly->{"HP->Max"} = 8+(Actor->Grit*2);
· * "Actor->HP->Regen is not affected by Grit";
· * Actor->ReadOnly->{"Strength"} = Actor->Grit*1;
· * Actor->ReadOnly->{"Resist"} = Actor->Grit*1;

- Actor->Wit:
· * Actor->ReadOnly->{"MP->Max"} = 4+(Actor->Wit*2);
· * "Actor->MP->Regen is not affected by Wit";
· * Actor->ReadOnly->{"Intelligence"} = Actor->Wit*1;
· * Actor->ReadOnly->{"Dexterity"} = Actor->Wit*1;

- Actor->Charm:
· * Actor->ReadOnly->{"SP->Max"} = 1+(Actor->Charm*1);
· * Actor->ReadOnly->{"Perception"} = Actor->Charm*2;
· * Actor->ReadOnly->{"Charisma"} = Actor->Charm*2;

- Actor->Spirit:
· * Actor->ReadOnly->{"Arcana"} = Actor->Spirit*2;

- Actor->Faith:
· * Actor->ReadOnly->{"Defend"} = Actor->Faith*1;
· * Actor->ReadOnly->{"Heal"} = Actor->Faith*1;
· * Actor->ReadOnly->{"Bless"} = Actor->Faith*1;

- Actor->Hatred:
· * Actor->ReadOnly->{"Damage"} = Actor->Hatred*1;
· * Actor->ReadOnly->{"Curse"} = Actor->Hatred*1;

---
# Diceroll Definition:

- rand:
· * "A pseudo-random number between 0 and 0.99";

- roll->dX:
· * roll->dX = truncate (rand*X);

---
# Basic Formulas:

- Actor->Status:
· * "Actor->Status is a (key=>value) dict that stores the Actor's current status effects";
· * "These bonuses are temporary and can be altered by in-game effects";
· * "Each key corresponds to a specific game formula";
· * "Each value is a signed integer that represents a modifier for the associated formula";

- Actor->Damage:
· * let base = roll->d4;
· * let X = Actor->ReadOnly->{"Damage"};
· * let Y = Actor->Status->{"Damage"};
· * Actor->Damage = base+(X+Y);
· * "Result can be negative if (X+Y) is less than -base";

---
# Regeneration Rates:

- Actor->HP->Regen:
· * const base = 0;
· * let X = Actor->Status->{"HP->Regen"};
· * Actor->HP->Regen = base+X;
· * "Result can be negative if X is less than 0";

- Actor->MP->Regen:
· * const base = 1;
· * let X = Actor->Status->{"MP->Regen"};
· * Actor->MP->Regen = base+X;
· * "Result can be negative if X is less than -1";

- Actor->SP->Regen:
· * let base = Actor->Status->{"SP->Max"};
· * let X = Actor->Status->{"SP->Regen"};
· * Actor->SP->Regen = base+X;
· * "Result can be negative if X is less than -base";

---
# Default Signas:

- Movement (Signa):
· * Movement->Cost->SP = 1;
· * Movement->Cost->MP = 0;
· * Movement->Duration = 1 turn;
· * Movement->AreaOfEffect = 4 tiles;
· * "Allows the Caster to move the target up to 4 tiles distance";
· * **IMPORTANT: "This Signa does not allow the Caster to avoid obstacles"**;

- Attack (Signa):
· * Attack->Cost->SP = 1;
· * Attack->Cost->MP = 0;
· * Attack->Duration = 1 turn;
· * Attack->AreaOfEffect = 1 tile;
· * let dst = Attack->Target;
· * let src = Attack->Caster;
· * dst->HP->Current -= src->Damage;
· * **IMPORTANT: "This Signa never misses"**;
```